scala.reflect.reify

# Reifier

#### abstract class Reifier extends States with Phases with Errors with Utils

Given a tree or a type, generate a tree that when executed at runtime produces the original tree or type. See more info in the comments to `reify` in scala.reflect.api.Universe.

Version

  2.10

Since

  2.10

Linear Supertypes
Utils, StdAttachments, SymbolTables, Extractors, NodePrinters, Errors, Phases, Reify, GenUtils, GenPositions, GenAnnotationInfos, GenTrees, GenNames, GenTypes, GenSymbols, Metalevels, Calculate, Reshape, States, AnyRef, Any
Known Subclasses
ApplyReifier, Reifier, UnapplyReifier
Type Hierarchy Learn more about scaladoc diagrams
Ordering

1. Alphabetic
2. By inheritance

Inherited

1. Reifier
2. Utils
3. StdAttachments
4. SymbolTables
5. Extractors
6. NodePrinters
7. Errors
8. Phases
9. Reify
10. GenUtils
11. GenPositions
12. GenAnnotationInfos
13. GenTrees
14. GenNames
15. GenTypes
16. GenSymbols
17. Metalevels
18. Calculate
19. Reshape
20. States
21. AnyRef
22. Any

Implicitly

1. by any2stringadd
2. by StringFormat
3. by Ensuring
4. by ArrowAssoc

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Visibility

1. Public
2. All

### Instance Constructors

1. #### new Reifier()

### Type Members

1. #### sealed abstract class FreeDefExtractor extends AnyRef

   Definition Classes
     Extractors

2. #### case class Reification(name: tools.nsc.Global.Name, binding: tools.nsc.Global.Tree, tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree) extends Product with Serializable

   Definition Classes
     GenSymbols

3. #### case class ReifyAliasAttachment(sym: tools.nsc.Global.Symbol, alias: tools.nsc.Global.TermName) extends Product with Serializable

   Definition Classes
     StdAttachments

4. #### case class ReifyBindingAttachment(binding: tools.nsc.Global.Tree) extends Product with Serializable

   Definition Classes
     StdAttachments

5. #### implicit class RichCalculateSymbol extends AnyRef

   Definition Classes
     Calculate

6. #### implicit class RichCalculateType extends AnyRef

   Definition Classes
     Calculate

7. #### class State extends AnyRef

   Definition Classes
     States

8. #### class SymbolTable extends AnyRef

   Definition Classes
     SymbolTables

### Abstract Value Members

1. #### abstract val concrete: Boolean

2. #### abstract val global: Global

   Definition Classes
     Reifier → Utils

3. #### abstract val mirror: tools.nsc.Global.Tree

4. #### abstract val reifee: Any

5. #### abstract val typer: (analyzer)#Typer

   Definition Classes
     Reifier → Utils

6. #### abstract val universe: tools.nsc.Global.Tree

### Concrete Value Members

1. #### final def !=(arg0: Any): Boolean

   Definition Classes
     AnyRef → Any

2. #### final def ##(): Int

   Definition Classes
     AnyRef → Any

3. #### def +(other: String): String

   Implicit information
     This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to any2stringadd[Reifier] performed by method any2stringadd in scala.Predef.
   Definition Classes
     any2stringadd

4. #### def ->[B](y: B): (Reifier, B)

   Implicit information
     This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to ArrowAssoc[Reifier] performed by method ArrowAssoc in scala.Predef.
   Definition Classes
     ArrowAssoc
   Annotations
     @inline()

5. #### final def ==(arg0: Any): Boolean

   Definition Classes
     AnyRef → Any

6. #### object ApplyCall

   Definition Classes
     Extractors

7. #### object BoundTerm

   Definition Classes
     Extractors

8. #### object BoundType

   Definition Classes
     Extractors

9. #### def CannotConvertManifestToTagWithoutScalaReflect(tpe: tools.nsc.Global.Type, manifestInScope: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): Nothing

   Definition Classes
     Errors

10. #### def CannotReifyCompoundTypeTreeWithNonEmptyBody(ctt: tools.nsc.Global.CompoundTypeTree): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

11. #### def CannotReifyErroneousPrefix(prefix: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

12. #### def CannotReifyErroneousReifee(reifee: Any): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

13. #### def CannotReifyInvalidLazyVal(tree: tools.nsc.Global.ValDef): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

14. #### def CannotReifyRuntimeSplice(tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

15. #### def CannotReifyType(tpe: tools.nsc.Global.Type): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

16. #### def CannotReifyUntypedPrefix(prefix: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

17. #### def CannotReifyUntypedReifee(reifee: Any): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

18. #### def CannotReifyWeakType(details: Any): Nothing

    Definition Classes
      Errors

19. #### object FreeDef extends Utils.FreeDefExtractor

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

20. #### object FreeRef

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

21. #### object FreeTermDef extends Utils.FreeDefExtractor

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

22. #### object FreeTypeDef extends Utils.FreeDefExtractor

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

23. #### object ReifiedTree

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

24. #### object ReifiedType

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

25. #### object SymDef

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

26. #### object SymbolTable

    Definition Classes
      SymbolTables

27. #### object TreeSplice

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

28. #### object TypeRefToFreeType

    Definition Classes
      Extractors

29. #### object TypedOrAnnotated

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

30. #### final def asInstanceOf[T0]: T0

    Definition Classes
      Any

31. #### def boundSymbolsInCallstack: List[tools.nsc.Global.Symbol]

    Definition Classes
      Reify

32. #### val calculate: tools.nsc.Global.Traverser { ... /* 2 definitions in type refinement */ }

    Merely traverses the reifiee and records symbols local to the reifee along with their metalevels.

    Merely traverses the reifiee and records symbols local to the reifee along with their metalevels.

    Definition Classes
      Calculate

33. #### def call(fname: String, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

34. #### def clone(): AnyRef

    Attributes
      protected[java.lang]
    Definition Classes
      AnyRef
    Annotations
      @throws( ... )

35. #### def current: Any

    Definition Classes
      Reify

36. #### def currents: List[Any]

    Definition Classes
      Reify

37. #### def defaultErrorPosition: tools.nsc.Global.Position

    Definition Classes
      Errors

38. #### def ensuring(cond: (Reifier) ⇒ Boolean, msg: ⇒ Any): Reifier

    Implicit information
      This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to Ensuring[Reifier] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
    Definition Classes
      Ensuring

39. #### def ensuring(cond: (Reifier) ⇒ Boolean): Reifier

    Implicit information
      This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to Ensuring[Reifier] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
    Definition Classes
      Ensuring

40. #### def ensuring(cond: Boolean, msg: ⇒ Any): Reifier

    Implicit information
      This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to Ensuring[Reifier] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
    Definition Classes
      Ensuring

41. #### def ensuring(cond: Boolean): Reifier

    Implicit information
      This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to Ensuring[Reifier] performed by method Ensuring in scala.Predef.
    Definition Classes
      Ensuring

42. #### final def eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef

43. #### def equals(arg0: Any): Boolean

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef → Any

44. #### def finalize(): Unit

    Attributes
      protected[java.lang]
    Definition Classes
      AnyRef
    Annotations
      @throws( classOf[java.lang.Throwable] )

45. #### def formatted(fmtstr: String): String

    Implicit information
      This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to StringFormat[Reifier] performed by method StringFormat in scala.Predef.
    Definition Classes
      StringFormat
    Annotations
      @inline()

46. #### final def getClass(): Class[_]

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef → Any

47. #### def getReifier: Reifier { val global: Reifier.this.global.type }

    Definition Classes
      Reifier → Utils

48. #### def hasReifier: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      Reifier → Utils

49. #### def hashCode(): Int

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef → Any

50. #### def isCrossStageTypeBearer(tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): Boolean

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

51. #### final def isInstanceOf[T0]: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      Any

52. #### def isSemiConcreteTypeMember(tpe: tools.nsc.Global.Type): Boolean

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

53. #### val metalevels: tools.nsc.Global.Transformer { ... /* 4 definitions in type refinement */ }

    Makes sense of cross-stage bindings.

    Makes sense of cross-stage bindings.

    Analysis of cross-stage bindings becomes convenient if we introduce the notion of metalevels. Metalevel of a tree is a number that gets incremented every time you reify something and gets decremented when you splice something. Metalevel of a symbol is equal to the metalevel of its definition.

    Example 1. Consider the following snippet:

    reify { val x = 2 // metalevel of symbol x is 1, because it's declared inside reify val y = reify{x} // metalevel of symbol y is 1, because it's declared inside reify // metalevel of Ident(x) is 2, because it's inside two reifies y.splice // metalevel of Ident(y) is 0, because it's inside a designator of a splice }

    Cross-stage bindings are introduced when symbol.metalevel != curr_metalevel. Both bindings introduced in Example 1 are cross-stage.

    Depending on what side of the inequality is greater, the following situations might occur:

    1) symbol.metalevel < curr_metalevel. In this case reifier will generate a free variable that captures both the name of the symbol (to be compiled successfully) and its value (to be run successfully). For example, x in Example 1 will be reified as follows: Ident(newFreeVar("x", IntTpe, x))

    2) symbol.metalevel > curr_metalevel. This leads to a metalevel breach that violates intuitive perception of splicing. As defined in macro spec, splicing takes a tree and inserts it into another tree - as simple as that. However, how exactly do we do that in the case of y.splice? In this very scenario we can use dataflow analysis and inline it, but what if y were a var, and what if it were calculated randomly at runtime?

    This question has a genuinely simple answer. Sure, we cannot resolve such splices statically (i.e. during macro expansion of `reify`), but now we have runtime toolboxes, so noone stops us from picking up that reified tree and evaluating it at runtime (in fact, this is something that `Expr.splice` does transparently).

    This is akin to early vs late binding dilemma. The prior is faster, plus, the latter (implemented with reflection) might not work because of visibility issues or might be not available on all platforms. But the latter still has its uses, so I'm allowing metalevel breaches, but introducing the -Xlog-runtime-evals to log them.

    upd. We no longer do that. In case of a runaway `splice` inside a `reify`, one will get a static error. Why? Unfortunately, the cute idea of transparently converting between static and dynamic splices has failed. 1) Runtime eval that services dynamic splices requires scala-compiler.jar, which might not be on library classpath 2) Runtime eval incurs a severe performance penalty, so it'd better to be explicit about it

    As we can see, the only problem is the fact that lhs'es of `splice` can be code blocks that can capture variables from the outside. Code inside the lhs of an `splice` is not reified, while the code from the enclosing reify is.

    Hence some bindings become cross-stage, which is not bad per se (in fact, some cross-stage bindings have sane semantics, as in the example above). However this affects freevars, since they are delicate inter-dimensional beings that refer to both current and next planes of existence. When splicing tears the fabric of the reality apart, some freevars have to go single-dimensional to retain their sanity.

    Example 2. Consider the following snippet:

    reify { val x = 2 reify{x}.splice }

    Since the result of the inner reify is wrapped in a splice, it won't be reified together with the other parts of the outer reify, but will be inserted into that result verbatim.

    The inner reify produces an Expr[Int] that wraps Ident(freeVar("x", IntTpe, x)). However the freevar the reification points to will vanish when the compiler processes the outer reify. That's why we need to replace that freevar with a regular symbol that will point to reified x.

    Example 3. Consider the following fragment:

    reify { val x = 2 val y = reify{x} y.splice }

    In this case the inner reify doesn't appear next to splice, so it will be reified together with x. This means that no special processing is needed here.

    Example 4. Consider the following fragment:

    reify { val x = 2 { val y = 2 val z = reify{reify{x + y}} z.splice }.splice }

    The reasoning from Example 2 still holds here - we do need to inline the freevar that refers to x. However, we must not touch anything inside the splice'd block, because it's not getting reified.

    Definition Classes
      Metalevels

54. #### def mirrorBuildCall(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

55. #### def mirrorCall(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

56. #### def mirrorFactoryCall(prefix: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

57. #### def mirrorFactoryCall(value: Product, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

58. #### def mirrorMirrorCall(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

59. #### def mirrorMirrorSelect(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

60. #### def mirrorSelect(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

61. #### def mirrorSelect(name: String): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

62. #### def mkList(args: List[tools.nsc.Global.Tree]): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

63. #### def mkListMap(args: List[tools.nsc.Global.Tree]): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

64. #### lazy val mkReificationPipeline: (tools.nsc.Global.Tree) ⇒ tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      Phases

65. #### final def ne(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef

66. #### final def notify(): Unit

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef

67. #### final def notifyAll(): Unit

    Definition Classes
      AnyRef

68. #### def origin(sym: tools.nsc.Global.Symbol): String

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

69. #### def path(fullname: String, mkName: (String) ⇒ tools.nsc.Global.Name): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    An (unreified) path that refers to definition with given fully qualified name

    An (unreified) path that refers to definition with given fully qualified name

    mkName

      Creator for last portion of name (either TermName or TypeName)

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

70. #### lazy val reification: tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    For `reifee` and other reification parameters, generate a tree of the form

    For `reifee` and other reification parameters, generate a tree of the form

        {
        val $u: universe.type = <[ universe ]>
        val $m: $u.Mirror = <[ mirror ]>
        $u.Expr[T](rtree)       // if data is a Tree
        $u.TypeTag[T](rtree)    // if data is a Type
        }

    where

    - `universe` is the tree that represents the universe the result will be bound to.
    - `mirror` is the tree that represents the mirror the result will be initially bound to.
    - `rtree` is code that generates `reifee` at runtime.
    - `T` is the type that corresponds to `data`.

    This is not a method, but a value to indicate the fact that Reifier instances are a one-off.

71. #### def reificationIsConcrete: Boolean

    Keeps track of whether this reification contains abstract type parameters

    Keeps track of whether this reification contains abstract type parameters

    Definition Classes
      GenTypes

72. #### object reifiedNodeToString extends (tools.nsc.Global.Tree) ⇒ String

    Definition Classes
      NodePrinters

73. #### lazy val reifier: Reifier { val global: Reifier.this.global.type }

    Definition Classes
      Utils

74. #### def reify(reifee: Any): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Reifies any supported value.

    Reifies any supported value. For internal use only, use `reified` instead.

    Definition Classes
      Reify

75. #### def reifyAnnotationInfo(ann: tools.nsc.Global.AnnotationInfo): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenAnnotationInfos

76. #### def reifyBinding(tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      StdAttachments

77. #### def reifyBuildCall(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: Any*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

78. #### val reifyCopypaste: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      Utils

79. #### val reifyDebug: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      Utils

80. #### def reifyFlags(flags: tools.nsc.Global.FlagSet): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

81. #### def reifyFreeTerm(binding: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenSymbols

82. #### def reifyFreeType(binding: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenSymbols

83. #### def reifyList(xs: List[Any]): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

84. #### def reifyMirrorObject(x: Product): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

85. #### def reifyMirrorObject(name: String): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Reify a case object defined in Mirror

    Reify a case object defined in Mirror

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

86. #### def reifyModifiers(m: tools.nsc.Global.Modifiers): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

87. #### def reifyName(name: tools.nsc.Global.Name): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenNames

88. #### def reifyPosition(pos: tools.nsc.Global.Position): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenPositions

89. #### def reifyProduct(prefix: String, elements: List[Any]): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

90. #### def reifyProduct(x: Product): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenUtils

91. #### def reifySymDef(sym: tools.nsc.Global.Symbol): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenSymbols

92. #### def reifySymRef(sym: tools.nsc.Global.Symbol): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Reify a reference to a symbol

    Reify a reference to a symbol

    Definition Classes
      GenSymbols

93. #### val reifyTrace: SimpleTracer

    Definition Classes
      Utils

94. #### def reifyTree(tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Reify a tree.

    Reify a tree. For internal use only, use `reified` instead.

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

95. #### def reifyTreeSymbols: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

96. #### def reifyTreeSyntactically(tree: tools.nsc.Global.Tree): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

97. #### def reifyTreeTypes: Boolean

    Definition Classes
      GenTrees

98. #### def reifyType(tpe: tools.nsc.Global.Type): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

    Reify a type.

    Reify a type. For internal use only, use `reified` instead.

    Definition Classes
      GenTypes

99. #### val reshape: tools.nsc.Global.Transformer { ... /* 2 definitions in type refinement */ }

    Rolls back certain changes that were introduced during typechecking of the reifee.

    Rolls back certain changes that were introduced during typechecking of the reifee.

    These include: * Undoing macro expansions * Replacing type trees with TypeTree(tpe) * Reassembling CompoundTypeTrees into reifiable form * Transforming Modifiers.annotations into Symbol.annotations * Transforming Annotated annotations into AnnotatedType annotations * Transforming Annotated(annot, expr) into Typed(expr, TypeTree(Annotated(annot, _)) * Non-idempotencies of the typechecker: https://issues.scala-lang.org/browse/SI-5464

    Definition Classes
      Reshape

100. #### def scalaFactoryCall(name: String, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

     Definition Classes
       GenUtils

101. #### def scalaFactoryCall(name: tools.nsc.Global.TermName, args: tools.nsc.Global.Tree*): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

     Definition Classes
       GenUtils

102. #### def spliceType(tpe: tools.nsc.Global.Type): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

     Definition Classes
       GenTypes

103. #### val state: State

     Encapsulates reifier state

     Encapsulates reifier state

     When untangling reifier symbol tables from the reifier itself, I discovered that encoding of a symbol table (e.g. producing corresponding reificode) might cause subsequent reification (e.g. when filling in signatures and annotations for syms).

     This is a mess in the face of nested reifications, splices and inlining of thereof, so I made `SymbolTable` immutable, which brought a significant amount of sanity.

     However that wasn't enough. Sure, symbol table became immutable, but the reifier still needed to mutate its `symtab` field during reification. This caused nasty desyncs between the table being encoded and the table of the underlying reifier, so I decided to encapsulate the entire state here, so that encoding can backup the state before it starts and restore it after it completes.

     Definition Classes
       States

104. #### def symtab: SymbolTable

     Symbol table of the reifee.

     Symbol table of the reifee.

     Keeps track of auxiliary symbols that are necessary for this reification session. These include: 1) Free vars (terms, types and existentials), 2) Non-locatable symbols (sometimes, e.g. for RefinedTypes, we need to reify these; to do that we create their copies in the reificode) 3) Non-locatable symbols that are referred by #1, #2 and #3

     Exposes three main methods: 1) `syms` that lists symbols belonging to the table, 2) `symXXX` family of methods that provide information about the symbols in the table, 3) `encode` that renders the table into a list of trees (recursively populating #3 and setting up initialization code for #1, #2 and #3)

     Definition Classes
       GenSymbols

105. #### final def synchronized[T0](arg0: ⇒ T0): T0

     Definition Classes
       AnyRef

106. #### def termPath(fullname: String): tools.nsc.Global.Tree

     An (unreified) path that refers to term definition with given fully qualified name

     An (unreified) path that refers to term definition with given fully qualified name

     Definition Classes
       GenUtils

107. #### def toString(): String

     Definition Classes
       AnyRef → Any

108. #### final def wait(): Unit

     Definition Classes
       AnyRef
     Annotations
       @throws( ... )

109. #### final def wait(arg0: Long, arg1: Int): Unit

     Definition Classes
       AnyRef
     Annotations
       @throws( ... )

110. #### final def wait(arg0: Long): Unit

     Definition Classes
       AnyRef
     Annotations
       @throws( ... )

111. #### def →[B](y: B): (Reifier, B)

     Implicit information
       This member is added by an implicit conversion from Reifier to ArrowAssoc[Reifier] performed by method ArrowAssoc in scala.Predef.
     Definition Classes
       ArrowAssoc

### Inherited from Utils

### Inherited from StdAttachments

### Inherited from SymbolTables

### Inherited from Extractors

### Inherited from NodePrinters

### Inherited from Errors

### Inherited from Phases

### Inherited from Reify

### Inherited from GenUtils

### Inherited from GenPositions

### Inherited from GenAnnotationInfos

### Inherited from GenTrees

### Inherited from GenNames

### Inherited from GenTypes

### Inherited from GenSymbols

### Inherited from Metalevels

### Inherited from Calculate

### Inherited from Reshape

### Inherited from States

### Inherited from AnyRef

### Inherited from Any

### Inherited by implicit conversion any2stringadd from Reifier to any2stringadd[Reifier]

### Inherited by implicit conversion StringFormat from Reifier to StringFormat[Reifier]

### Inherited by implicit conversion Ensuring from Reifier to Ensuring[Reifier]

### Inherited by implicit conversion ArrowAssoc from Reifier to ArrowAssoc[Reifier]

### Ungrouped